Air Pollution Information

Air Pollution Information

The vehicular pollutants have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. The human health effects of air pollution vary in the degree of severity, covering a range of minor effects to serious illness, as well as premature death in certain cases. These pollutants are believed to directly affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In particular, high levels of Sulphur dioxide and Suspended Particulate Matter are associated with increased mortality, morbidity and impaired pulmonary function.

Pollution in Delhi

Year 2012

Vehicular Pollution Effects

Pollutant	Effect on Human Health
Carbon Monoxide	Affects the cardio vascular system, exacerbating cardiovascular disease symptoms, particularly angina; may also particularly affect fetuses, sick, anemic and young children, affects nervous system impairing physical coordination, vision and judgments, creating nausea and headaches, reducing productivity and increasing personal discomfort.
Nitrogen Oxides	Increased susceptibility to infections, pulmonary diseases, impairment of lung function and eye, nose and throat irritations.
Sulphur Dioxide	Affect lung function adversely.
Particulate Matter and Respirable Particulate Matter (SPM and RPM)	Fine particulate matter may be toxic in itself or may carry toxic (including carcinogenic) trace substance, and can alter the immune system. Fine particulates penetrate deep into the respiratory system irritating lung tissue and causing long-term disorders.
	Impairs liver and kidney, causes brain damage in children resulting in lower I.Q., hyperactivity and reduced ability to concentrate.
Benzene	Both toxic and carcinogenic. Excessive incidence of leukemia (blood cancer) in high exposure areas.

Exhaust Emission Standard in India

Petrol/CNG/LPG Vehicles: 

S. No	Vehicle Type	CO %	HC (n-hexane equivalent) ppm
1	2&3-Wheelers (2/4-stroke) (Vehicles manufactured on and before 31/3/2000)	4.5	9000
2	2&3-Wheelers (2-stroke) (Vehicles manufactured after 31/3/2000)	3.5	6000
3	2&3-Wheelers (4-stroke) (Vehicles manufactured after 31/3/2000)	3.5	4500
4	4- wheelers manufactured as per pre Bharat Stage II norms	3.0	1500
5	4- wheelers manufactured as per Bharat Stage- II, Bharat Stage III	0.5	750

(Petrol/Compressed Natural Gas/liquefied Petroleum Gas driven vehicles, manufactured as per Bharat Stage IV norms) 

S.No.	Vehicle Type	Idle emission limits		High idle emission limited
(1)	(2)	(3)		(4)
		CO%	HC(n hexane equivalent ) ppm	CO%	Lambda (RPM-2500 + 200)
1.	Compressed Natural Gas/Liquefied Petroleum Gas driven 4 wheelers manufactured as per Bharat Stage IV norms.	0.3%	200 ppm	-	-
2.	Petrol driven 4-wheelers manufactured as per Bharat Stage IV norms.	0.3%	200 ppm	0.2	1­/+ 0.03 oras declared by the vehicle manufacturer.

              (II)    For  (Diesel Vehicles)

S.No.	Method of Test	Maximum smoke density
(1)	(2)	(3)
		Light absorption co-efficient (1/metre)	Hartidge units
1.	Free acceleration test for turbo charged engine and naturally aspirated engine for vehicles manufactured as per pre-Bharat Stage IV norms.	2.45	65
2.	Free acceleration test for turbo charged engine and naturally aspirated engine for vehicles manufactured as per Bharat Stage IV norms	1.62	50”

Source : Delhi Transport Department